Trying new foods, exploring local culture, and stepping outside your usual routine are often what make travelling abroad so memorable. At the same time, these experiences can increase your exposure to infections that are uncommon in the UK, including typhoid fever. UK health protection figures show that hundreds of typhoid cases are reported each year, with most linked to travel overseas, particularly to parts of Asia and Africa.
For you as a traveller, this means typhoid prevention is not just about worst-case scenarios but about making informed choices before you go. Understanding how typhoid spreads, recognising early symptoms, and knowing when a typhoid vaccine is recommended can help you protect your health and focus on enjoying your trip.
What is typhoid fever, and why is it a risk when travelling?
Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, which spreads through contaminated food and water. It is more common in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean drinking water. Typhoid fever causes include drinking untreated water, eating food that has been washed or prepared with contaminated water, or poor hand hygiene. Travellers are at higher risk because their bodies are not used to local bacteria, and they may unknowingly eat or drink unsafe items.How can travellers reduce their risk of typhoid infection?
You can significantly lower your risk by being careful about what you eat and drink while abroad. Simple habits make a big difference. Some important typhoid prevention tips include:- Drink only bottled or properly boiled water, including for brushing your teeth.
- Avoid ice cubes unless you are sure they are made from safe water.
- Eat food that is freshly cooked and served hot.
- Avoid raw or undercooked meat and seafood.
- Peel fruit yourself and avoid pre-cut fruit.
- Wash your hands regularly or use alcohol hand gel.
Typhoid fever signs and symptoms
Typhoid fever symptoms usually develop gradually, often one to two weeks after exposure. Early recognition is important so you can seek medical help promptly if needed.Early symptoms of typhoid
In the early stage, typhoid symptoms can feel like a general infection. You may notice:- Persistent fever that gradually increases.
- Headache and body aches.
- Tiredness and weakness.
- Loss of appetite.
Digestive symptoms
As the illness progresses, digestive symptoms may appear, including:- Abdominal pain or discomfort.
- Constipation or diarrhoea.
- Feeling sick.
Understanding the 4 stages of typhoid fever
The 4 stages of typhoid fever describe how symptoms can change over time if untreated. These stages may include rising fever and fatigue, followed by worsening digestive symptoms, then potential complications, and finally a slow recovery phase. Prompt treatment reduces the risk of reaching more severe stages.Why is the typhoid vaccine important for travel?
The typhoid vaccine is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself when travelling to high-risk areas. It works by helping your immune system recognise and fight the bacteria before it causes illness. A typhoid vaccine for travel is especially recommended if you are visiting friends or relatives, staying for a longer period, or travelling to rural areas. Even careful travellers can be exposed, so vaccination adds an important layer of protection.When should you get a typhoid travel vaccine?
You should ideally receive your typhoid travel vaccine at least two weeks before you travel. This gives your body time to build protection.Types of typhoid vaccine
There are two main options:- An injection given as a single dose
- An oral vaccine taken over several days