Typhoid remains a serious global health issue. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), there are about 9 million cases of typhoid fever every year, resulting in roughly 110,000 deaths globally. The risk is especially high in regions without safe drinking water, proper sanitation or hygiene practices. Children also tend to be among the most affected.
For travellers, even a single visit to a high-risk country can bring exposure to contaminated food or water. This is why understanding how the typhoid vaccine for travel works, what protection it offers, and what side effects are possible is essential. Prevention of typhoid is not just about staying healthy abroad; it can save lives and avoid serious illness.
What is typhoid, and why is it a risk when travelling?
Typhoid is a serious infection caused by Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It spreads through contaminated food or water and is more common in parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. Travellers are at risk when visiting areas where sanitation and clean water are limited. Preventing typhoid is vital, as the illness can cause long-lasting fever, stomach pain, and complications if untreated.How does the typhoid vaccine for travel work?
The typhoid vaccine for travel helps your body build protection against the bacteria before you are exposed. It teaches your immune system to recognise and fight the infection, reducing the risk of developing the illness if you come into contact with contaminated food or water. While no vaccine offers 100% protection, it provides strong defence when combined with safe food and water habits.Types of typhoid vaccines available
There are two main options:- Injection vaccine: a single dose given before travel.
- Oral capsules: taken over several days.
When should you get vaccinated?
It is best to get the vaccine at least two to three weeks before travel. This allows your body time to develop immunity before you are exposed to the risk.What are the possible typhoid vaccine side effects?
Like most vaccines, the typhoid vaccine can cause mild and short-term side effects. These are usually nothing to worry about and settle quickly.Common side effects of the typhoid vaccine
- Soreness at the injection site
- Low fever
- Headache or tiredness
Less common side effects of the typhoid vaccine
Occasionally, people may feel stomach upset or mild rashes. Serious side effects are very rare. If you are unsure whether the vaccine is suitable, our pharmacists can guide you.How else can you support the prevention of typhoid while abroad?
The vaccine is an important step, but it works best alongside safe travel habits.Safe food and water practices
- Drink bottled or boiled water.
- Avoid ice unless you know it is made from safe water.
- Eat freshly cooked food served hot.
- Peel fruit where possible.